A volcanic archipelago in the central North Pacific Ocean, consisting of eight main islands—Hawaiʻi (the Big Island), Maui, Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Niʻihau, and Kahoʻolawe—along with numerous smaller islets and atolls. The islands were formed by hotspot volcanism as the Pacific Plate moved northwest over a stationary mantle plume. The Hawaiian Islands are culturally significant as the homeland of the Native Hawaiian people and politically form the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi. They are characterized by diverse ecosystems, ranging from coral reefs and coastal plains to rainforests and alpine volcanic peaks.
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