The Netherlands, informally known as Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It consists of twelve provinces, sharing borders with Germany and Belgium, and has a coastline along the North Sea. The official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary language in Friesland. The term “Netherlands” means “lower countries,” reflecting its low elevation, with 26% of the land below sea level.
The country experienced a period of prominence during the Dutch Golden Age, beginning in 1588, characterized by global trade through companies like the Dutch East India Company. With over 18 million people in an area of 41,850 km², it is the 33rd most densely populated country and the second-largest exporter of food globally.
Since 1848, the Netherlands has operated as a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, known for its social tolerance and progressive policies, including the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2001. The economy is advanced, with the Hague hosting the government and the Port of Rotterdam being Europe’s busiest port. The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU, NATO, and other international organizations.
Image Credit: By NuclearVacuum – File:Europe-Blank (with borders).svg, CC BY-SA 3.0, [Accessed 11/09/2025]
