General Overview
The Lacertidae family, often referred to as wall lizards or true lizards, includes over 300 species distributed primarily across Europe, Africa, and Asia. They are among the most familiar reptiles in their native ranges, often seen basking on rocks, walls, or open ground. Members of this family are diurnal, fast-moving lizards that play important ecological roles as insectivores and prey for larger animals.
Appearance
Lacertids are generally small to medium-sized lizards, ranging from 5 to 30 centimeters in length, though some species may be larger. They typically have slender bodies, well-developed limbs, and long tails that can be shed and regenerated as a defense mechanism. Their scales are small and granular on the body, with larger, plate-like scales on the head and belly. Coloration is highly variable: many species are brown or green for camouflage, while others (especially males in breeding season) display vivid blues, greens, or patterns used in territorial and mating displays.
Diet
Lacertids are primarily insectivorous, feeding on a wide variety of arthropods such as beetles, grasshoppers, ants, and spiders. Some larger species may also consume small vertebrates, eggs, or carrion. They are active foragers, using their keen eyesight and quick reflexes to capture prey. A few species may also supplement their diets with plant material such as berries or leaves.
Habitat
Members of the Lacertidae family occupy a wide range of habitats, including grasslands, forests, deserts, rocky slopes, and human-modified environments such as gardens and stone walls. They are especially abundant in Mediterranean regions, where they are a common sight in warm, open landscapes. Many species are highly adaptable and thrive in disturbed or urbanized areas.
Behavior
Lacertids are diurnal and ectothermic, relying on basking to regulate body temperature. They are typically territorial, with males defending basking sites and access to females through visual displays, chasing, and combat. Breeding occurs in spring and summer, with females laying clutches of soft-shelled eggs in soil or under debris. Most species are solitary outside of the breeding season. Their agility and speed are their main defenses against predators, along with tail autotomy (dropping the tail) to distract attackers.
