Salamandridae

Salamandridae is a family of salamanders that includes true salamanders and newts. They are characterized by their lack of rib grooves, rough, granular skin with numerous poison glands, and absence of nasolabial grooves. Most species have moveable eyelids but no lacrimal glands. Salamandrids produce potent toxins, often displaying bright colors to warn predators. They typically have four limbs with four toes in front and five behind, and range from 7 to 30 cm in length.

Many salamandrids reproduce through internal fertilization, with males performing species-specific courtship rituals, often using pheromones to attract females. Some species, like those in the genus Lyciasalamandra, are viviparous, giving birth to live young without a tadpole stage. Certain species may also exhibit neoteny, allowing reproduction before full metamorphosis. Females can store sperm for up to six months.